Document Type
Article
Department or Administrative Unit
Geological Sciences
Publication Date
7-25-2017
Abstract
Chemical Geodynamics relies on a paradigm that the isotopic composition of ocean island basalt (OIB) represents equilibrium with its primary mantle sources. However, the discovery of huge isotopic heterogeneity within olivine‐hosted melt inclusions in primitive basalts from Kerguelen, Iceland, Hawaii and South Pacific Polynesia islands implies open‐system behavior of OIBs, where during magma residence and transport, basaltic melts are contaminated by surrounding lithosphere. To constrain the processes of crustal assimilation by OIBs, we employed the Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS), an energy‐constrained thermodynamic model of recharge, assimilation and fractional crystallization. For a case study of the 21–19 Ma basaltic series, the most primitive series ever found among the Kerguelen OIBs, we performed sixty‐seven simulations in the pressure range from 0.2 to 1.0 GPa using compositions of olivine‐hosted melt inclusions as parental magmas, and metagabbro xenoliths from the Kerguelen Archipelago as wallrock. MCS modeling requires that the assimilant is anatectic crustal melts (P2O5 ≤ 0.4 wt.% contents) derived from the Kerguelen oceanic metagabbro wallrock. To best fit the phenocryst assemblage observed in the investigated basaltic series, recharge of relatively large masses of hydrous primitive basaltic melts (H2O = 2–3 wt%; MgO = 7–10 wt.%) into a middle crustal chamber at 0.2 to 0.3 GPa is required. Our results thus highlight the important impact that crustal gabbro assimilation and mantle recharge can have on the geochemistry of mantle‐derived olivine‐phyric OIBs. The importance of crustal assimilation affecting primitive plume‐derived basaltic melts underscores that isotopic and chemical equilibrium between ocean island basalts and associated deep plume mantle source(s) may be the exception rather than the rule.
Recommended Citation
Borisova, A. Y., W. A. Bohrson, and M. Grégoire (2017), Origin of primitive ocean island basalts by crustal gabbro assimilation and multiple recharge of plume-derived melts, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 18, 2701–2716, doi:10.1002/2017GC006986.
Journal
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Rights
© 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Comments
This article was originally published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. The full-text article from the publisher can be found here.