Document Type
Article
Department or Administrative Unit
Geological Sciences
Publication Date
2-9-2019
Abstract
Subglacial water flow impacts glacier dynamics and shapes the subglacial environment. However, due to the challenges of observing glacier beds, the spatial organization of subglacial water systems and the time scales of conduit evolution and migration are largely unknown. To address these questions, we analyze 1.5‐ to 10‐Hz seismic tremor that we associate with subglacial water flow, hat is, glaciohydraulic tremor, at Taku Glacier, Alaska, throughout the 2016 melt season. We use frequency‐dependent polarization analysis to estimate glaciohydraulic tremor propagation direction (related to the subglacial conduit location) and a degree day melt model to monitor variations in melt‐water input. We suggest that conduit formation requires sustained water input and that multiconduit flow paths can be distinguished from single‐conduit flow paths. Theoretical analysis supports our seismic interpretations that subglacial discharge likely flows through a single‐conduit in regions of steep hydraulic potential gradients but may be distributed among multiple conduits in regions with shallower potential gradients. Seismic tremor in regions with multiple conduits evolves through abrupt jumps between stable configurations that last 3–7 days, while tremor produced by single‐conduit flow remains more stationary. We also find that polarized glaciohydraulic tremor wave types are potentially linked to the distance from source to station and that multiple peak frequencies propagate from a similar direction. Tremor appears undetectable at distances beyond 2–6 km from the source. This new understanding of the spatial organization and temporal development of subglacial conduits informs our understanding of dynamism within the subglacial hydrologic system.
Recommended Citation
Vore, M. E., Bartholomaus, T. C., Winberry, J. P., Walter, J. I., & Amundson, J. M. (2019). Seismic tremor reveals spatial organization and temporal changes of subglacial water system. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124, 427–446. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004819
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Rights
©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Comments
This article was originally published in the journal Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. The full-text article from the publisher can be found here.