Document Type

Thesis

Date of Degree Completion

Spring 2025

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Cultural and Environmental Resource Management

Committee Chair

Jennifer Lipton

Second Committee Member

Pamela McMullin-Messier

Third Committee Member

John Bowen

Abstract

Limited-English proficiency (LEP) individuals across the United States face barriers in accessing information and other resources relating to natural hazard resources, particularly in areas prone to wildfire. In the Pacific Northwest, wildfires are predicted to increase in frequency, severity, and intensity and may also increase the social and economic vulnerability of LEP communities. The 2023 wildfire season underscored how economic, public health, and social impacts disproportionately impact minorities and socially vulnerable communities. This research investigates the inclusion of LEP communities in the development and dissemination of local wildfire resources in Yakima County, using the disaster management cycle as an analytical framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff from organizations listed in the county’s Community Wildfire Protection Plan to assess how LEP communities are considered and included in resource planning. Thematic analyses completed on these interviews revealed that LEP communities were considered but not adequately included in wildfire resources around Yakima County and that there is a lack of available resources in languages other than English. Data from the semi-structured interviews also revealed that more of a focus needs to be on the community and their needs when trying to distribute wildfire resources. In a second major component of the thesis, an online survey administered via Qualtrics gathered 159 respondents’ perceptions on the impacts, risks, and trust in organizations from the LEP community in Yakima County. The results from the survey revealed that the LEP community within Yakima County was overall more concerned than non-LEP participants about wildfires impacting aspects of their lives. The survey identified that non-profit organizations are preferred by the LEP community in Yakima as sources of help during evacuations, providing accurate information, and assistance during wildfires. This research offers actionable recommendations for local and state agencies to enhance the inclusivity and accessibility of wildfire resources. The results of this study can be used to inform the disaster management cycle to increase access to, participation in, and engagement with local wildfire resources for LEP communities. It aims to guide decision-makers toward more equitable strategies for wildfire disaster management in Yakima County.

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Available for download on Thursday, July 02, 2026

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