Diatoms of the intertidal environments of Willapa Bay, Washington, USA as a sea-level indicator

Authors

Isabel Hong, Central Washington UniversityFollow
Benjamin P. Horton, Nanyang Technological University
Andrea D. Hawkes, University of North Carolina - Wilmington
Robert J. O.Donnell III, University of North Carolina - Wilmington
Jason S. Padgett, University of Rhode Island
Tina Dura, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Simon E. Engelhart, Durham University

Document Type

Article

Department or Administrative Unit

Geological Sciences

Publication Date

8-2021

Abstract

An understanding of the modern relationship between diatom species and elevation is a prerequisite for using fossil diatoms to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL). We described modern diatom distributions from seven transects covering unvegetated subtidal environments to forested uplands from four tidal wetland sites (Smith Creek, Bone River, Niawiakum River, and Naselle River) of Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. We compared our diatom dataset (320 species from 104 samples) to a series of environmental variables (elevation, grain-size, total organic carbon (TOC_SOM), and porewater salinity) using hierarchical clustering and ordination. While no single variable consistently explains variations in diatom assemblages at every site, elevation, salinity, and substrate (mud fraction and TOC_SOM) are variables affecting diatom distribution along our transects. Elevation was the major environmental control of diatom variability (explained 27–39% variance) at four transects (Bone River Transect 1, Niawiakum River Transect 2, Naselle River Transect 1 and 2). Salinity and substrate were the major environmental controls (explained 12–32% variance) of diatom variability at three transects (Niawiakum River Transect 1: salinity; Smith Creek Transect and Bone River Transect 2: TOC_SOM). Analyses of a combined regional dataset of all transects suggest that elevation is the driver of regional diatom variability in Willapa Bay, with salinity and substrate co-varying along an elevation gradient. We identify species with narrow elevation tolerances that can serve as indicator species of specific environments. Despite the site-specific variability of our modern diatom distribution, the regional dataset provides an important dataset that can be used to reconstruct RSL in Willapa Bay.

Comments

This article was originally published Open Access in Marine Micropaleontology. The full-text article from the publisher can be found here.

Recommended Citation

Hong, I., Horton, B. P., Hawkes, A. D., O’Donnell, R. J., Padgett, J. S., Dura, T., & Engelhart, S. E. (2021). Diatoms of the intertidal environments of Willapa Bay, Washington, USA as a sea-level indicator. Marine Micropaleontology, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2021.102033

Journal

Marine Micropaleontology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.

Rights

© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.